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[1]Zabidi, Muhammad b. Muhammad, Tajul-Arus min Jawahiri’l-Qamus, ed. Abdulhalim Tahavi, at-Turas al-Arabi, Kuwait, 2001, 34/136; Ibn Manzur, Muhammad b. Mukarram b. Ali al-Ansari, Lisanu’l-Arab , Daru Sadir, Beirut, nd, 12/645.

[2] Zebidî, Tâcü’l-Arûs, 34/136; İbn Manzur, Lisan’ul-Arab, 12/645

[3]Firuzabadî, Majduddin Abu Tahir Muhammad b. Yaqub, al-Kamusu’l-muhit , Mu’assasatü’r-risale, Beirut, 2005, p. 1172.

[4]Abu’l-Bakka, Ayyub b. Musa al-Husayni, al-Kulliyat , Mu’assasatü’r-risale, Beirut, p. 978.

[5]Abu Dawud, Sulayman b. al-Ash’as al-Sijistani, Sunanu Abu Dawud , Dar al-Kutübi’l-Arabi, Beirut, nd. Vesaya 9.

[6]Abu Dawud, Wasaya, 9.

[7]Abdurrahman Kasapoğlu, Atlas of Qur’anic Psychology , Ekm Ofset Printing, Malatya, 2010, p. 33.

[8]Javad Ali, Mufassal fî Tarih’l-Arab Kable’l-Islam , Beirut, 1970, 5/567.

[9]Qurtubi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abi Bakr, al-Jami’u li ahkam al-Qur’an , Daru ‘Âlemi’l-Kutub, Riyadh, 1952, 4/558.

[10]Râzî, Fahreddin Muhammed b. Ömer, Mafatih al-Ghayb , Daru’l-kütübi’l-ilmiyye, Beirut, 2000, 6/404

[11]Ali Osman Ateş, Ignorance According to Islam and the Customs and Traditions of the People of the Book , Beyan Publishing House, Istanbul, 1996, pp. 379-380; Murat Sancık, Ignorance Culture in the Pre-Islamic Period , Isparta, 2002, p. 160.

[12]Mawdudi, Abu’l-Ala, Tefhimul-Kuran , Insan Yay., Istanbul, 1991, 7/89.

[13]Ibn Hisham, Abu Muhammad Abdulmalik, al-Siratu’n-Nabawiyya , Cairo, 1955, 1/336; Canan, Ibrahim, Summary of Kutub-i Sitte Translation and Commentary (Hadith Encyclopedia) , I-XVIII, Akçağ Publications, Ankara, 1988, 2/528; Derveze, İzzet; At-Tefsir al-Hadith , Ekin Publications, Istanbul, 1997, 1/555.

[14]Tahir b. Ashur, at-Tahrir wa’t-Tanwir , , Daru’t-Tunusiyya, Tunisia, 1984, 2/355.

[15]See Derveze, and the Prophet , 1/153-155.

[16]Tahir b. Ashur, at-Tahrir wa’t-Tanwir , 2/355.

[17]Mahmut Şeltut, Tefsîrul Kur’âni’l-Kerim , Cairo, 1424, 2004, p. 147; Tahir b. Ashur, et-Tahrir ve’t-Tenvîr , 2/355, 30/401-402; For detailed information on the legal status of orphans, see Hüseyin Ertunç, Legal Status of Orphans in Islam , Atatürk University Faculty of Theology Journal, 2009, issue:31, pp.127-150; Nurullah Eski, Orphans in Islamic Law with Respect to Their Rights and Responsibilities, (Unpublished Master’s Thesis) Selçuk University Institute of Social Sciences, Konya 2007; Cemal Muhammed, Hukuku’l-Yetimi fi’l-Fikhi’l-Islâmi , (Unpublished Master’s Thesis) Camiatü’n-necahi’l-vataniyye Külliyati’d-diraseti’l-ulya, Palestine, 2007

[18]Tahir b. Ashur, at-Tahrir wa’t-Tanwir , 2/355; see also Bahru’l-Ulum, al-Yetimu fi’l-Qur’an wa’s-Sunnah , pp. 93-94.

[19]Ömer Başkan, Protective Language Towards the Weak Elements of the Society in Meccan Verses in the Context of the Concept of Orphan , Çorum Municipality Culture Publications, Çorum, 2013, pp. 452-459.

[20]Al-Isra, 17/60.

[21]Al-Baqara, 2/30.

[22]News, 95/4.

[23]Al-Baqara, 2/30.

[24]Prostration, 32/9.

[25] İbrahim, 14/34.

[26]For a similar approach, see Cemal Muhammed, Hukuku’l-Yetimi fi’l-Fıkhil İslami , p. 6.

[27]Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir, Jami’u’l-Bayan fi Te’vili’l-Quran , Mu’assasatü’r-Risalah, Beirut, 1420/2000, 15/5-10; Razi, Mafatih al-Ghaib , 31/165; Zamakhshari, Mahmud b. Omar, al-Kashshaf , Daru Ihya’i’t-Turasi’l-Arabi, Beirut, 2/680.

[28]Hucurât, 49/13.

[29]Tabari, Jami’u’l-Bayan , 22/309; Razi, Mafatuh al-Ghaib , 28/95; Zamakhshari, al-Kashshaf, 4/374 ; Qasimi, Jamaluddin b. Muhammad, Mehasinü’t-Te’wil , Daru’l-Kutübi’l-Ilmiye, Beirut, 1418, 8/538.

[30]Shatibi, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim b. Musa b. Muhammad al-Grnati, al-Muwafaqaat , ed. Abu Ubaydah, Daru Ibn Affan, Huber, 1997/1417, 1/31.

[31]Al-Baqara, 2/220.

[32]Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-Arab , 2/516-517.

[33]Kasapoğlu, Atlas of Qur’anic Psychology , 3/43.

[34]Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, The True Religion, The Language of the Qur’an , I/768.

[35]Razi, Mefatihu’l-Ghayb , 6/404.

[36]Qâsımi, Mahâsinü’t-Ta’vil , 2/115.

[37]Merağî, Tafsiru’l-Merağî, 2/149.

[38]Tahir b. Ashur, at-Tahrir wa’t-Tanwir , 2/356; see also Cemal Muhammed, Hukuku’l-Yetimi fi’l-Fıkhi’l-Islami , pp. 6-10.

[39]Al-Baqara, 2/220.

[40]Kasapoğlu, Atlas of Qur’anic Psychology 3/44.

[41]Al-Baqara, 2/220.

[42]Al-Baqara, 2/220.

[43]Zamakhshari, al-Kashshaf , 1/263.

[44]Al-Baqara, 2/220.

[45]Razi, Mefatihu’l-Ghayb , 6/406.

[46]Bukhari, “Istikraz”, 11; Muslim, “Faraiz”, 5.

[47]Ali Acar, Social Security of Orphans , Diyanet Science Journal, 1993, issue: 29, volume: 4, p. 82.

[48]Muhammed Hamidullah, The Prophet of Islam , 2/1043; For comprehensive information on this subject, see Beyza Bilgin, The Importance of Establishing and Maintaining Facilities for Orphans and Helpless Children, Diyanet Science Journal, 1997, volume: 33, issue, 3, pp. 1-16.

[49]For more information, see Koç, Aylin, “ An Educational Institution Established for Orphans and Orphaned Children, Daruşşefeka ” , War Children, Orphans and Orphans , Kırmızı Publishing House, Istanbul, 2003, pp. 182-183.

[50]Nesimi Yazıcı, Some Evaluations on the Protection of Orphans in the Ottoman Empire , AÜİFD, XLVIII, p. 1, 1-46; Nesimi Yazıcı, A Different Practice Regarding Orphans in the Ottoman Period; The Institution of Bullies , İstem, Year: 5, Issue: 9, 2007, p. 9 – 20.

[51]Halil Altuntaş, Orphans and Fatherless People from the Perspective of the Qur’an and Sunnah , IV. Religious Council, Ankara, 2009, p. 108.

[52]Adiyet, 100/8; Buhari, Rikak 10.

[53]Zamakhshari, Kashshaf , 1/263, 479; Razi, Mafat al-Ghaib , 9/506.

[54]Tabari, Jami’u’l-Bayan, 7/26; Zamakhshari, al-Kashshaf , 1/263, 479; Razi, Mafat al-Ghaib , 9/506; Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, Hak Dini Kur’an Dili, 3/1296.

[55]Muqatil b. Sulayman, Tafsir , Daru ihyai’t-turasi, Beirut, 1423, 1/329.

[56]Tabari, Jami’u’l-Bayan , VII, 2; Qurtubi, al-Jami’u li Ahkam al-Qur’an , V, 53;

[57]Tabari, Jami’ul-Bayan, VII, 26.

[58]Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, The True Religion of the Qur’an, III, 1296.

[59]Nisa, 4/2.

[60]Tabari, Jami’u’l-Bayan, VII, 525-528; Razi, Mafatuh al-Ghaib , 5/217; Mawardi, an-Nuket , 1/447; Ibn Kathir, Tafsiru’l-Qur’ani’l-Azim , Dar al-Tayba, Riyadh, 1999, II/297; Tahir b. Ashur, at-Tahrir wa’t-Tanwir, 4/219; Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, Hak Dini Kur’an Dili , II, 1279.

[61]Tabari, Jami’ul-Bayan, VII/525.

[62]Ferra, Abu Zakariya Yahya b. Ziyad b. Abdilah b. Manzur al-Deylami, Meâni’l-Qur’ân , Daru’l-Egyptian Library, Egypt, 1/218.

[63]Maverdi, en-Nüket , 1/447.

[64]Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, The True Religion, The Language of the Qur’an , II, 1279.

[65]Tabari, Jami’ul Bayan, 7/529.

[66]Muqatil b. Sulayman, Tafsir , 1/356.

[67]Ibn Abi Hatim, Tafsiru’l-Quran’l-Karim , Mamlekatus-Saudiyya, 1419, 3/856

[68]Bukhari, “Vasaya”, 24; Muslim, “Faith”, 145.

[69]Rashid Riza, Muhammad b. Ali, Tafsir al-Manar , Hayat al-Misriyya, Egypt, 1990, 4/316.

[70]Nisa, 4/6.

[71]Muqatil b. Suleyman, Tafsir , 1/35 8

[72]See Derveze, and the Prophet , 6/71-73.

[73]Bukhari, “Büyu”, 95.

[74]Bukhari, “Büyu”, 95.

[75]Izzet Derveze, et-Tefsiru’l-Hadis , 6/71-73.

[76]Al-Jassas, Ahkam al-Qur’an , 2/216 ; Imam Shafi’i, Ahkam al-Qur’an, 1/138; Ibn Arabi, Ahkam al-Qur’an , 1/230; Qasimi, Mehasinu’t-Te’wil, 3/29.

[77]Ahmed b. Hanbel, al-Musnad, II, 13, 216; Abu Dawud, “Vesaya”, 8; Nasa’i, Sunan al-Nasa’i , “Vesaya”, 11; Ibn Majah, “Vesaya”, 9.

[78]Beyhaqi, As-Sunanu’l-Kubra , VI/757.

[79]Kasapoğlu, Atlas of Qur’anic Psychology , 3/49.

[80]Kasapoğlu, Atlas of Qur’anic Psychology , 3/49.

[81]Canan, The Child in the Qur’an , Istanbul, 1984, p. 175; see also Ertunç Hüseyin, The Legal Status of Orphans in Islam , p. 132.

[82]Tabari, Jami’u’l-Bayan , 7/580; Mawardi, an-Nukat, 1/453; see also Sabuni, Rawai’u’l-Bayan, Commentary of the Ayati’l-Qur’an , Maktabat al-Ghazali, Damascus, 1980, I, 433.

[83]Al-An’am, 6/152; Al-Isra, 17/34.

[84]Rashid Riza, Manar , 8/167.

[85]Tahir b. Ashur, at-Tahrir wa’t-Tanwir , 15 /96.

[86]Merağî, Tafsiru’l-Merağî , 8/69.

[87]Ibn Majah, “Etiquette”, 6.

[88]Abu Dawud, “Wasaya”, 4.

[89]Jassas, Ahkam al-Qur’an , 2/338; Ibn Arabi, Ahkam al-Qur’an , 2/298; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Mafat al-Ghayb , 20/337; Rashid Rida, Manar , 8/167; Maraghi, Tafsiru’l-Maraghi , 8/69.

[90]Tirmidhi, “Zakat”, 15. According to the Hanafi school of thought, it is not necessary to give zakat from the property of orphans since they have not yet reached the age of obligation, whereas the Shafi’i, Maliki and Hanbalis have stated that the guardian must give zakat from the property of the orphan on his behalf, based on this hadith. The most important evidence of the Hanafis on the subject is that the hadith states that the pen was removed from three people, and that one of them is a child until he reaches puberty. (Bukhari, “Hudud”, 22; Abu Dawud, “Hudud”, 17)

[91]Tirmizi, “Birr”, 14.

[92]Ibn Sa’d, at-Tabaqat al-Kubra , II, 37; VIII, 342.

[93]Al-Fajr, 89/17.

[94]Razi , Mefatihu’l-Ghayb , 31/157-158.

[95]Samarqandî, Alaaddin Ali b. Yahya, Bahru’l-Ulum , Sezgin Publications, Istanbul, 1993, 3/579.

[96]Al-Baqara, 2/177.

[97]Razi, Mefatihu’l-Ghayb , 2/215.

[98]Al-Baqara, 2/215.

[99]Qutb, Seyyid, Fi Zilal’il-Qur’an , (trc. Saraç, M.Emin; Şengüler, I.Hakkı; Karlığa, Bekir), I-XVI, Hikmet Publishing House, Istanbul, 1979, 3/229.

[100]Mawdudi, Tafhimul Qur’an, 7/123.

[101]Nasa’i, “Zakat”, 82; Tirmidhi, “Zakat”, 26.

[102]Elmalılı, The Language of Truth, The Language of the Qur’an , II, 515.

[103]Elmalılı, The Language of Truth, The Language of the Qur’an, IV, 232; Erdoğan, Mehmet, Dictionary of Fiqh and Legal Terms , Istanbul, 1998, p. 350, “Loot” and “Fey” art.,

[104]Nisa, 8/41.

[105]Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Qur’an, 2/105; Al-Jassas, Ahkam al-Qur’an , 3/79.

[106]Al-Jassas, Ahkam al-Qur’an , 4/243.

[107]Al-Hashr, 59/7.

[108]Tabari, Jami’u’l-Bayan , 23/277; Zamakhshari, al-Kashshaf, 4/502; Razi, Mafat al-Ghaib , 29/507; For detailed information on this subject, see Izzuddin Bahru’l-Ulum, al-Yetimu fi’l-Qur’an wa’s-Sunna , , Daru’z-Zehra, Beirut, nd, p.111-116.

[109]Women, 4/8.

[110]Qurtubi, al-Jami, 5/85-86; Tabari, Jami’u’l-Bayan , 7/9; Nasafi , Madariku’t-Tenzil , 1/333.

[111]Elmalılı, The Language of Truth, The Language of the Qur’an , II, 515.

[112]Nesafi, Medâriku’t-Tenzil , 1/310; Qâsımi, Mahâsinü’t-Ta’vil , 2/232.

[113]Man, 76/8.

[114]Tabari, Jami’ul-Bayan, 24/97.

[115]Razi, Mefatihu’l-Ghayb , 30/747.

[116]Nevzat Tarhan, Orphan Symposium Abstracts , Humanitarian Relief Foundation, Istanbul, 2006, p.20

[117]Nisa, 4/36.

[118]Mawdudi, Tafhimul-Quran , 7/258.

[119]Mâûn, 107/1-2.

[120]Mehmet Okuyan, Commentary of Short Surahs, Düşün Yay., Istanbul, 2011, 1/481.

[121]Razi, Mefatihu’l-Gayb , 32/302.

[122]Mawdudi, Tefhimul-Qur’an , 7/258; See also Tabari, Jami’ul-Bayan , 21/338, 24/630; Razi, Mafatul-Ghayb , 32/302.

[123]For a similar comment, see Kasapoğlu, Atlas of Qur’anic Psychology , 3/33.

[124]Cemal Ağırman, “ The Responsibilities of the Individual and the Society towards the Orphans ”, Journal of Academic Research in Religious Sciences, VII (2007), issue: 2, p. 10.

[125]Qâsımi, Mahâsinü’t-Ta’vil , 3/103.

[126]Canan, Hadith Encyclopedia , I, 404.

[127]An-Nisa, 4/3.

[128]Maverdi, an-Nuket, 1/448; Qasimi, Mehâsinü’t-Tewil , 3/12; Rashid Riza, Manâr , 4/278.

[129]Razi, Mefatihu’l-Ghayb , 3/587.

[130]Razi, Mefatihu’l-Ghayb , 9/485.

[131]Zamakhshari, Kashshaf , 1/467.

[132]Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, The True Religion, The Language of the Qur’an , II, 1282-1283; Tahir b. Ashur, et-Tahrir ve’t-Tenwir , 5/212.

[133]Süleyman Ateş, Qur’an Encyclopedia , Qur’an Sciences Research Foundation (KUBA), Istanbul, ty., 22/463-464.

[134]Nisa, 4/127.

[135]Zamakhshari, al-Kashshaf , 1/558; Razi, Mafat al-Ghayb , 4/233; Also see Kasapoğlu, Atlas of Qur’anic Psychology , p. 37.

[136]Psalms, 146/9.

[137]Psalms, 10/14

[138]Job, 31/16-23.

[139]Exit, 22/22.

[140]Proverbs of Solomon, 23/10.

[141]Psalms, 82/3.

[142]Jacob, 1/27.

[143] Matta, 6/1-4.

[144]Tabari, Jami’ul-Bayan , 24/489; Razi, Mafat al-Ghaib , 31/195-196; Mawardi, an-Nuket, 6/293; Maraghi, Tafsiru’l-Maraghi , 30/185.

[145]Qurtubi, al-Jami’u li Ahkam al-Qur’an , 20/87; Mawardi, an-Nuket, 6/293.

[146]For detailed information on the protection of orphans, see Cemal Muhammed, Hukuku’l-Yetimi fi’l-Fıkhi’l İslami, pp. 17-20.

[147]Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-Arab , 14/53.

[148]Kasapoğlu, Atlas of Qur’anic Psychology , 3/52.

[149]Two, 93/9.

[150]Ibn Sa’d, at-Tabakat al-Kubra , 3/610.

[151]Bukhari, “Vasaya”, 25.

[152] Ali el-Müttakî, Kenzu’l-Ummâl, VIII, 298.

[153]Ali el-Müttakî, Kenzu’l-Ummâl , VIII, 298.

[154]Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad , V, 250.

[155]Bukhari, “Divorce”, 25; Abu Dawud, “Courtesy”, 23; Tirmidhi, “Birr”, 14: Muslim, “Asceticism”, 42.

[156]Ibn Majah, “Etiquette”, 6.

[157]Ibn Majah, “Etiquette”, 6.